Animal physiology is the study of how various systems within animals (Human) function, focusing on mechanisms that enable survival, growth, and reproduction in diverse environments. It encompasses key areas such as homeostasis, where organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, and the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems that facilitate essential processes like gas exchange and nutrient absorption. The nervous and muscular systems are critical for perception and movement, while the endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones. Additionally,often refers to a hands-on laboratory course or program that integrates the study of animal (human) physiology with practical experiments and measurements related to muscular and metabolic performance. In such a lab, students typically explore various physiological processes in humans through experiments that might include measuring heart rates, respiratory rates, muscle contractions, and energy expenditure during different activities.